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Surprisesoftencomeinboxes.Birthdaypresentswrappedincolorfulpaperbrownpaperpackagesmailedfromafriend.Nomatterwhatkindofboxitispeopleliketoopenitupandseewhat'sinside.InAmericaandinmanyothercountriesonespecialkindofboxcontainsthefuture.It'scalledaballotbox.Whatpeopleputintotheboxonelectiondaycanchangethecourseofhistory.
Electionsarethelifebloodofademocracy.Theworddemocracyliterallymeans"thepeoplerule"animportantconceptinAmericanhistory.Inthemid-1700sEnglandbeganpassinglawsthatmadetheAmericancoloniesangry.Thecolonistshadtopaymoreandmoretaxesandenjoyedlessandlessfreedom.TheyfeltthegovernmentofEnglanddidn'trepresenttheirinterests.OnJuly41776thecoloniesdeclaredtheirindependencefromEngland.Theywantedtoestablishademocracywherepeoplecouldhaveavoiceingovernment.
Aneffectivedemocracyholdsregularelections.InAmericaelectionsareheldeverytwoyearsformembersofCongress.IntheseelectionsallseatsintheHouseofRepresentativesandone-thirdoftheSenateseatsareupforgrabs.Inadditioneveryfouryearsvotersgotothepollstoelectthenation'spresidentandvice-president.Votersalsoregularlycasttheirballotsforstateandcitygovernmentleadersandlocalschoolboardmembers.Sometimestheyalsohavetovoteonaproposedlaw.
IntheAmericanelectoralsystempeopledon'treallyvoteforpresidentialcandidates.Insteadvoterscasttheirballotsfor"electors"whosupporteachcandidate.EachstatehasasmanyelectorsasthetotalnumberofitsrepresentativesinCongress.ThisequalstwosenatorsperstateplusthenumberofitsrepresentativesintheHouse(whichisbasedonthestate'spopulation).Thecandidatewhohasthemostvotesinastatewinsallofthestate'selectors.Towinthepresidentialelectionacandidatemustgainatleast270ofthe538totalelectoralvotes.
OvertheyearstheU.S.hasmadeanumberofelectionreforms.Someearlyreformsoutlawedcheatinggivingbribesandthreateningvoters.Theyalsolimitedtheamountofmoneycandidatescouldreceivefromdonorsandspendontheircampaigns.In1870blackpeoplegainedtherighttovoteandin1920thatrightwasextendedtowomen.Inrecentdecadeslawsagainstu
胡永明回答:
小题1:B小题2:D小题3:C小题4:C小题5:B分析:本文主要讲了美国的选举系统,从民主制度开始,到选举制度,以及在此方面做出的一系列改革。让我们对美国的政治有了更深一步的理解。小题1:词义猜测题。第一段从...